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Understanding the Causes of Infertility in Men and Women

What Is Infertility?

Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after trying for one year. For women over 35, doctors may check sooner. Many couples face this issue. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) says about 1 in 6 people worldwide experience infertility at some point. Because the causes of infertility can be different for men and women, it is important to understand them. This guide will help you learn about the common reasons for infertility and what causes infertility in both men and women.

Main Causes of Infertility in Women

There are several reasons why women may have trouble getting pregnant. Some causes are more common than others. Below are the main causes of infertility in women:

  • Ovulation Disorders: Sometimes, women do not release eggs regularly. This can happen due to hormone problems, stress, or certain health conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Tubal Factors: The fallopian tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the womb. If these tubes are blocked or damaged, eggs cannot meet sperm. Infections, past surgeries, or diseases like chlamydia can cause this.
  • Endometriosis: This is when tissue like the lining of the womb grows outside it. It can cause pain and make it harder to get pregnant.
  • Age: As women get older, their chances of getting pregnant go down. After age 35, fertility drops more quickly.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, drinking too much alcohol, being overweight, or being underweight can affect fertility. Stress can also play a role.

    • Main Causes of Infertility in Men

    Men can also have problems that make it hard to have a baby. Here are the main causes of infertility in men:

  • Sperm Disorders: Sometimes, men do not make enough sperm, or the sperm do not move well. Infections, injuries, or health problems can cause this.
  • Hormonal Issues: Hormones help control how sperm are made. Problems with these hormones can lower sperm count.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, drinking too much alcohol, using drugs, or being overweight can reduce sperm quality. Heat from hot tubs or tight clothing can also affect sperm.

    • Shared or Unexplained Causes

    Sometimes, both partners have small issues that add up. In other cases, doctors cannot find a clear reason for infertility. This is called unexplained infertility. Even so, couples with unexplained infertility may still have a chance to get pregnant with help.

    When to Seek Medical Advice

    It is normal to have questions about fertility. However, you should see a doctor if:

  • You have tried to get pregnant for one year without success.
  • You are over 35 and have tried for six months.
  • You have irregular periods or no periods at all.
  • You or your partner have known health problems that could affect fertility.

    • Early help can make a big difference. Doctors can run tests to find out what is wrong and suggest treatments.

    Summary

    In short, the causes of infertility can be different for everyone. Women may have ovulation problems, blocked tubes, or other health issues. Men may have sperm or hormone problems. Sometimes, the cause is not clear. But, many couples find answers and help from a healthcare specialist. If you are worried about infertility, do not wait. Consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on infertility concerns.